- virtualization (abbr. v12n)
- virtual machine (VM)
- emulator
- system virtual machine (also called SysVM), full virtualization
- hypervisor (also known as a virtual machine monitor (VMM) or virtualizer)
- Type-1 (native or bare-metal hypervisors)
- Type-2 (or hosted hypervisors)
- hardware virtualization
- the host machine is the machine that is used by the virtualization
- the guest machine is the virtual machine
- full virtualization
- paravirtualization
- hybrid virtualization
- process virtual machine (sometimes called an application virtual machine, or Managed Runtime Environment (MRE))
- OS-level virtualization
- containerization
- OS containers
- Application containers