Temperature

• temperature
  • SI unit: kelvin
  • For an ideal gas, $\overline{\text{KE}}=\frac{3}{2}{k}_{B}T$
• scale of temperature:
  • absolute scales:
    • Kelvin scale
      • unit: kelvin ($\mathrm{K}$) – defined by fixing the Boltzmann constant
    • Rankine scale
      • unit: degree Rankine (${}^{\circ }\mathrm{R}$) – unit equal to $1^{\circ }\mathrm{F}$ increment.
  • relative scales
    • Celsius scale: $T_{{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}}=T_{\mathrm{K}}-273.15$
      • unit: degree Celsius (${}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$) – unit equal to $1\mathrm{K}$ increment.
        • (sometimes ${\mathrm{C}}^{\circ }$ is used for temperature interval)
    • Fahrenheit scale: $T_{{}^{\circ }\mathrm{F}}=\frac{9}{5}{T}_{{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}}+32$
      • unit: degree Fahrenheit (${}^{\circ }\mathrm{F}$) – unit equal to ${\frac{5}{9}}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ (or $\frac{5}{9}\mathrm{K}$) increment
• thermodynamic temperature (or absolute temperature) (טמפרטורה מוחלטת) – temperature that is measured on an absolute scale
  • absolute zero (האפס המוחלט)