IPA

Vowels

Monophthongs

(source: commons.wikimedia.org)

Diphthongs

(source: commons.wikimedia.org)

Monophthongs

IPA	1	KEYWORD			Spelling
/i/	ē	FLEECE	Long E	see, eat, field, me, even, key, be	<ee>, <ea>, <ie>, <e>, <ei>, <i>
/ɪ/	i, ĭ	KIT	Short I	pink, it, big, enough, busy	<i>, <y>
/ɛ/	e, ĕ	DRESS	Short E	red, ever, get, let, head, bread, any, many, air	<e>, <ea>, <a>, <air>=/ɛr/, <are>=/ɛr/
/æ/	a, ă	TRAP, BATH	Short A, flat a	apple, can, back, dad	<a>
/ɑ/	ä	PALM, LOT (Father-bother merger)	Short O	not, body, want, father, stop, got	<o>, <wa>=/wɑ/, <qua>=/kwɑ/, <a>, <al>
/ʌ/	ə, ŭ	STRUT	Short U (Stressed Schwa)	up, mother, buddy, mud, run, other, some, fun	<u>, <o>, <ou>
/ə/	ə, ŭ	commA	Schwa	again, about, today, listen, station, pencil, product	<a>, <o>, <e>, <io>, <i>, <u>
/ɔ/	ô, ȯ	THOUGHT, CLOTH (Cloth-thought merger)		all, on, talk, lost, saw, daughter	<o>, <al>, <au>, <aw>, <ough>
/ʊ/	o͝o, ŏŏ	FOOT	Long U (lax)	good, book, put, would	<ook>=/ʊk/, <-oo->, <oul>, <o>, <ul, ull>=/ʊl/, <u>
/u/	o͞o, ōō	GOOSE	Long U (tense)	true, you, too, new	<oo>, <u>, <u-e>, <o>, <o-e>, <ou>, <ui>, <ue>, <eu>, <ew>

Diphthongs (gliding) vowels

IPA	NOAD, enPR					Spelling
/eɪ/	ā	FACE	Long A	bay	aid, hate, day, they, eigth	<a + consonant(s) + vowel>, <ague>=/eɪɡ/, <ai>, <ay>, <ei>, <ey>
/aɪ/	ī	PRICE	Long I	buy	I, ice, hide, deny, eye, hi	<i>, <i-e>, <ie>, <igh>, <ign>=/aɪn/, <y>, <ye>, <y-e>, <ei>, <ui>, <uy>
/ɔɪ/	oi	CHOICE		boy	voice, join, boy, enjoy	<oi>, <oy>
/aʊ/	ou	MOUTH		now	out, our, hour, town, down	<ou>, <ow>
/oʊ/	ō	GOAT	Long O	know	go, know, own, soul, road, won’t	<o>, <o-e>, <oe>, <oa>, <ow>

R-Colored vowels

Monophthongs

IPA		NOAD, enPR				Spelling
/ər/	[ɚ]	ər	lettER	Schwar	over, water, after, doctor, dollar, picture	<er>, <or>, <ar>, <ur>
/ɜr/	[ɝ]	ər, ûr	NURSE	Stressed Schwar	person, turn, first, girl, work, world, earth	<er>, <ur>, <ir>, <or>, <ear>, <our>, <urr>

Diphthongs

IPA	NOAD
/ɪr/	ir	NEAR	ear, hero, beer, here, year
/ɛr/	er	SQUARE	air, there, very, care, marry
/ɔr/	ôr	NORTH, FORCE	or, for, warm, your, door, board
/ɑr/	är	START	are, start, heart, car, part
/ʊr/	o͝or	CURE	tour, poor, moor, courier
/aɪr/	ī(ə)r		fire, tired, wire, dire,

Consonants

Plosive (סותם)

IPA	NOAD		Spelling
/p/	p	put, keep, happy, speak
/b/	b	back, job, baby, bubble. rabbit
/t/	t	to, tell, try, put, not
/ʔ/	t	eaten, cotton, certain, button, important
/t̬/	d	water, city, little, beauty
/d/	d	do, need, daddy, idea
/k/	k	can, clean, like, back, quick, school, occur, length	<c>, <ch>, <cc (+a/o/u)>, <ck>, <k>, <kk>, <qu,cqu>=/kw/, <x>=/ks/
/g/	g	great, dog, egg, exact, exam	<g>, <gg>, <gh>, <gu, -gue>

Nasal (אפי)

IPA	NOAD
/n/	n	on, no, any, man
/ŋ/	NG	sing, long, bank, angry, thank, think
/m/	m	me, make, number, summer

Fricative (חוכך)

IPA	NOAD
/f/	f	from, if, stuff, phone, enough
/v/	v	very, never, give, love, of
/θ/	TH	with, think, three, thank
/ð/	T͟H	this, the, that, mother, either
/s/	s	see, bus, city, miss
/z/	z	easy, please, zoo, dessert, buzz, exact
/ʃ/	SH	station, show, ocean, issue, sure, chef, anxious
/ʒ/	ZH	vision, division, beige, usual
/h/	h	he, have, hi, hello

IPA	NOAD
/dʒ/	j	change, gym, job, edge, educate, soldier
/tʃ/	CH	chair, much, nature, future, question, watch, cello
/w/	w	we, twice, suite, quite, one
/j/	y	you, onion, piano, cure, europe
/l/	l	let, all, play, sleep

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Footnotes

1. NOAD, enPR, and Merriam-Webster ↩